Challenges of Spectrofluorometry, Part 2: Instrument-Specific Concerns

Part 2: Specific Disorders

Iran’s Shift in Family Planning Policies: Concerns and Challenges

Iran’s significant success in implementing Family Planning (FP) during the past 25 years, has made it a role model in the world. The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in Iran has dropped from 6.5 in 1960 to 1.6 in 2012, which is well below the targeted value of 2.2 for the country. Iran’s success story, however, did not merely root in the implementation of FP programs. In other words, families’ strong...

Challenges and strategies of instrument translation.

The often-cited back translation procedure used for the translation of research instruments has not been consistently described in cross-cultural literature. Translation errors resulting in conceptually dissimilar instruments can compromise comparisons of cross-cultural health initiatives. This report describes a five-step translation procedure and equivalence and reliability testing process us...

Biosimilars, Part 2: Challenges for P&T Committees

Introduction P&T committees will have an important role in influencing the extent to which biosimilars are utilized by the health care system.1 The priority for P&T committees, when reviewing biosimilars, will be to evaluate the efficacy and safety, interchangeability, cost-effectiveness, pharmacovigilance requirements, reimbursement issues, and other factors regarding these agents.2 Institutio...

Toward TiO2 Nanofluids—Part 2: Applications and Challenges

The research about nanofluids has been explosively increasing due to their fascinating properties in heat or mass transportation, fluidity, and dispersion stability for energy system applications (e.g., solar collectors, refrigeration, heat pipes, and energy storage). This second part of the review summarizes recent research on application of TiO2 nanofluids and identifies the challenges and op...